1. Okwu Mmalite
Ịgbaze ọla kọpa Pyrometallurgical ka bụ ụzọ kachasị esi emepụta ọla kọpa a nụchara anụcha, nke na-eme ihe karịrị 80% nke ikike zuru ụwa ọnụ. Usoro a na-agbanwe copper sulfide concentrates (karịsịa chalcopyrite, CuFeS₂) ka ọ bụrụ copper kathode dị ọcha nke ukwuu (≥99.99% Cu) site na usoro ọrụ metallurgical dị elu. Isiokwu a na-akọwapụta usoro nhazi nke bụ isi nke gụnyere ịgbaze ọkụ, ịtụgharị, imezi anode, na imezi electrolytic.
2. Tinye Nkwadebe na Ngwakọta n'ime ihe
A na-eji ihe ndị dị n'ime kọpa (25-35% Cu) abata n'ime nnukwu ite ma chekwaa ha n'ime ebe a na-ekpuchi ihe. Mmiri dị n'ime ha na-abụkarị 8-12%, a ga-ebelatakwa ha ruo ≤0.3% site na iji igwe na-agbagharị agbagharị ma ọ bụ igwe nkụ ihe ndina a na-eji mmiri ọkụ eme ka ọ ghara ịgbawa agbawa ma ọ bụ oriri ike gabigara ókè n'ebe a na-agbaze ihe.
A na-agwakọta ihe a kpọrọ nkụ na fluxes (quartz, limestone), returns, na converter slag n'ụzọ a na-achịkwa nke ọma. Ụlọ ọrụ ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eji ihe na-enye diski akpaaka na sistemụ load-cell na-enweta izi ezi nke ngwakọta n'ime ±0.5%.
3. Ịgbaze ọkụ
Ịgbaze ọkụ bụ teknụzụ kachasị elu maka ịgwọ ihe ndị mejupụtara ọla kọpa sulfide, nke Outotec (nke bụzi Metso) na ọkụ ikuku oxygen nke ndị China mepụtara n'okpuru ya na-anọchite anya ya n'ụwa niile.
3.1 Ụkpụrụ Usoro
A na-etinye ihe akọrọ n'ime ikuku dị ọkụ nke jupụtara na oxygen (njupụta oxygen 75-90%) na 850-950°C. Mmeghachi omume (ịkpọ nkụ, oxidation, slag na matte formation) na-agwụ n'ime sekọnd 3-5, yana ọrụ okpomọkụ na-akwado autothermal mmeghachi omume. Mmeghachi omume ndị dị mkpa gụnyere: 4CuFeS₂ + 9O₂ → 4CuS + 2Fe₂O₃ + 8SO₂ 2FeS + 3O₂ + 2SiO₂ → 2FeO·SiO₂ + 2SO₂
3.2 Ngwa Isi
- Ogwe mmeghachi omume: elu mita 11-14, dayameta mita 7-9, ejiri brik magnetite-chrome dị elu na jaket mmiri ọla kọpa kpuchie ya.
- Ogwe aka na-edozi ahụ na nke a na-anabata: nkewa ike ndọda nke matte (65-75% Cu) na slag.
- Igwe ọkụ mkpofu ihe mkpofu: na-eweghachi okpomọkụ dị mma site na ~ 550°C na-enweghị gas maka mmepụta uzuoku.
- Oke oxygen-na-nkọwa: 1.15-1.25 Nm³ O₂/t akọrọ concentrate
- Okpomọkụ ogwe mmeghachi omume: 1250-1300°C
- Okpomọkụ Matte: 1180-1220°C
- Nha nha Slag Fe/SiO₂: 1.1-1.4, ọla kọpa dị na slag ≤0.6%
3.3 Nha njikwa dị oke mkpa
Ike ọkụ ọkụ nke otu ọkụ na-eru 4000-5500 t/d, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa 98% na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 100% SO₂.
4. Ịgbanwe
A na-ebufe matte site na igwe ịsa ákwà ma ọ bụ ladle nke e ji ọkụ eletrik kpoo gaa na ihe ntụgharị Peirce-Smith ma ọ bụ ọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na-aga n'ihu.
4.1 Ọkwa Ịkpụ Slag
A na-efesa ikuku nwere oxygen (25-35% O₂) iji mee ka iron sulfide dị ọcha. A na-ewepụ slag nwere 2-8% Cu ma weghachite ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-agbaze ọkụ.
4.2 Ọkwa Ime Ọla Kọpa
Ịfụ ọkụ na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka Cu₂S ghọọ blister copper (98.5-99.3% Cu) na 1180-1230°C.
5. Ịrụcha Ọkụ Anode
A na-etinye ọla kọpa n'ime ite anode nke nwere ike ịdị ọkụ 50-500 t ma ọ bụ nke na-agbanwe agbanwe maka nchacha oxidation.
5.1 Ọkwa Oxidation
Ube ikuku ma ọ bụ ikuku oxygen na-ewepụ ihe fọdụrụ Fe, Ni, As, Sb, na Bi dị ka ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri.
5.2 Ọkwa Mbelata
A na-eji gas eke, dizel, ma ọ bụ osisi eme ka ikuku oxygen dị ala ruo 150-300 ppm. A na-atụba ọla kọpa a nụchara anụcha n'ime anodes 300-450 kg (Cu ≥99.0%).
6. Ịrụcha Elektrọlitik
A na-etinye Anod n'ime sel electrolytic nwere oghere lead ma ọ bụ titanium mother dị ka kathodes na electrolyte CuSO₄-H₂SO₄.
6.1 Ọnọdụ Ọrụ
- Njupụta dị ugbu a: 220-320 A/m²
- Voltaji sel: 0.22-0.32 V
- Okpomọkụ elektrolyt: 60-65°C
- Akụkụ: 40-55 g/L, H₂SO₄ efu: 150-220 g/L
6.2 Mmeghachi omume Elektrọnik
Ngwunye Anode: Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ Ihe ndị ọzọ dị mma (Au, Ag, Se, Te) na-akọ akụkọ na anode slime; ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na-abanye na ngwọta. Ngwunye Cathode na-enye ≥99.993% Cu ruru nkọwapụta LME Klas A.
7. Ọgwụgwọ na Njikwa Gburugburu Ebe Obibi Na-apụ n'Aga
A na-eme ka gas ndị nwere SO₂ dị n'ime ọkụ ọkụ, ihe ntụgharị, na ọkụ anode jụọ oyi, wepụ uzuzu, ma hazie ha n'ime ụlọ ọrụ acid ndị nwere kọntaktị abụọ na-enweta mgbake sọlfọ karịrị 99.8%. Gas ọdụ SO₂ dị n'okpuru 100 mg/Nm³. A na-ewepụ Arsenic, mercury, na ọla ndị ọzọ dị arọ site na usoro pụrụ iche.
8. Mmechi
Pyrometallurgy nke ọla kọpa nke oge a enwetawo ọganihu dị elu, akpaaka, na arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Mpempe akwụkwọ nhazi flash smelting-continuous converting-anode refining-electrorefining flowsheets na-enye mgbake ọla kọpa zuru oke karịa 98.5% na oriri ike kpọmkwem nke 280-320 kgce/t cathode, nke na-anọchite anya akara ọkwa ụwa. Mmepe na-aga n'ihu na mmụba oxygen, teknụzụ na-eme ọla kọpa na-aga n'ihu, na njikwa usoro dijitalụ ga-eme ka arụmọrụ na nkwado dịkwuo elu.
Oge ozi: Disemba-22-2025